Thursday, January 29, 2009

Reading Assignments for 2/3/09 and 2/5/09


For next Tuesday please read to page 260, and for Thursday read to page 320 in The Comanche Empire. We will save the Conclusion and the chapter entitled "Collapse" for the next week, which will be our last with the book.

If you would like to see some interesting pictures of Santa Fe (taken by an old college friend of mine) check out this link: http://www.flickr.com/photos/gopster/350485075/in/set-72157594467384290/

We will continue the group exercise we started last Tuesday in class today.

Here are some quotations from the book that some of you may find helpful. Please use this as an example for your presentations. Explain and discuss:

"By regulating the prices and by pledging to establish "just rule" at the fairs, Anza had, at least superficially, embraced the Comanche idea that trade was more than a means of profit-making; it was an avenue for sharing." 123

"Just as Spainards opened New Mexico to Comanches, Comanches unlocked the plains to New Mexicans." 127

"The image of the Comanche-Spanish borderlands as a middle ground in the making was a facade, an elaborate artifice. Beneath the surface of amity and mutual adaptation and respect, a different kind of development was unfolding. Spanish officials were working methodically to reduce the Comanches to dependance and vassalage, using the very acts and institutions-gifts, trade, and political-military collaboration-that seemingly were creating a common ground between the nations." 130

Wednesday, January 28, 2009

The Columbian Exchange


I encourage you all to read Phil's post and, at least, skim the articles he posted. Like he said, disease is certainly a recurring subject in The Comanche Empire. Its a very interesting subject too that has been written on frequently, but probably not enough. Other big name books that deal with the topic of disease amongst indigenous populations, but not necessarily Plains Indians, are Crosby's The Columbian Exchange and Diamond's Guns, Germs and Steel. Above you can see a map that lists some of the diseases that crisscrossed continents. Notice that it does not include syphillis as being introduced to Europe from the Americas, which many people think did occur though it is a subject of much controversy. In any case, thank you Phil for sharing some of your research.

Disease in the Great Plains

Hamalainen makes several references to disease on the frontier and in the colonies. On page 111 he describes a devastating continent-wide smallpox epidemic that killed 2/3 of the Eastern Comanche population, possibly 16,000 people. Epidemics such as this one were not isolated occurrences and presented real threats to life on the plains. It is interesting to think about the possible outcomes of European and Indigenous imperialism and expansion without the great cost of infectious disease. The book uses the “virgin soil” analogy in regards to the high lethality of disease in the Indian populations. This refers to the fact that the Europeans had introduced foreign diseases which the Indians had never been exposed to and therefore carried no immunity to. Just to provide a bit of background, it is disadvantageous for a virus or a bacteria to kill its host. In order for it to be transmitted to other organisms and “live on” it needs a living host. When a naive population is infected, both the disease and the population must evolve in order to reach equilibrium. That’s not to say that the Europeans were completely immune to the infectious diseases they brought over. Colonists were very susceptible to disease, partly due to many dangerous/ineffective medical practices and general lack of sanitation. In fact, during the Revolutionary War many American soldiers died of a smallpox outbreak. More about this can be found in Pox Americana: The Great Smallpox Epidemic of 1775-82 by Elizabeth Anne Fenn. I’m posting a link that contains an interesting journal article (pdf) about medical history in colonial America.

I’m also posting another journal article (pdf) that describes The High Plains Smallpox Epidemic of 1837-38. This epidemic was “one of the most virulent, destructive, and disruptive epidemics known on the American continent. Before the disease burned out, the total death rate soared well into the tens of thousands, the Mandan tribal population dropped below the genetic survival threshold, the balance of power among Indian tribes in the upper West shifted as entire sub-bands disappeared, social structures and customs altered to meet tribal survival needs, and the widespread Upper Missouri trade system was disrupted.” It also “contributed to the conditions that led to a quarter-century of Indian wars.”

Monday, January 26, 2009

Reading Assignment for January 28, 2009


The painting is titled, Comanche War Party on the March, by George Catlin from the period 1846-8.
Please read up to page 200 in The Comanche Empire.
Terms for Week 2:
Comanche-Apache Conflict
Texas Frontier Strategy
Ute
Smallpox Epidemic 1837-8
The Columbian Exchange

Friday, January 23, 2009

Comanche Ledger Art


If anyone is interested, I recommend that you research what is called Plains Indian Ledger Art, preferably by Comanche artists. If you write something up on it and present your findings to the class, I will reward you with an extra credit point or two.

There used to be some pieces here at the university, though I am not sure if they are viewable anymore.

http://media.www.dailyiowan.com/media/storage/paper599/news/2007/04/26/80Hours/Balancing.The.Ledger-2881486.shtml

Thursday, January 22, 2009

Summer Jobs in the National Park Service


I know it seems early to be thinking about summer employment/internship opportunities, but frankly, it is that time of year again.

I would like to highly recommend summer jobs in the National Park Service to all of you. It is a great experience for a college student, you can make some decent money and it looks excellent on a resume for a variety of future career paths. NPS sites around the country are posting job vacancies now and will do so for the next month on the following website: http://www.usajobs.gov/ Job titles that you may think about looking up in the search engine include but are not limited to: Park Guide, Visitor Use Assistant and Park Ranger (Interpretation). Many parks offer housing to college students who work at their park during the summer.

If you have any questions feel free to ask me. Personally, I have worked at Jewel Cave, Agate Fossil Beds, Homestead and Effigy Mounds National Monuments. There are many more sites as well in the NPS, if you are interested in finding where see the map at http://www.nps.gov/.
Students in college often neglect the service and work experience part of their resume. This would be a great way to distinguish yourself from other applicants, especially in this down economy. Feel free to ask me any questions you may have. Good luck!

Reading Assignments for January 27, 2008


Read to page 120 in The Comanche Empire.

Identification terms that may appear on midterm/final from Week 1:

Vore Buffalo Jump (image is of archeological dig at Vore)
Pueblo Revolt
Horse Culture
Taos Fairs
Llano Estacado

Comancheria
Repartimiento labor system

Wednesday, January 21, 2009

I'm not so sure Pekka does a great job of portraying the Southwest as anything but an imperial backwater. Although he states that one of his main premises is that the SW is actually, on a much smaller scale, as organized and striated as the home empires, he keeps talking about poor security, terrible strategic positions, and leaders being unable to come to decisions in a timely manner. Or ever, for that matter. He is trying to make the Comanche achievements seem more impressive against a background of political organization, but it doesn't come off that way. Or am I missing something that he is trying to show?

Tuesday, January 20, 2009

Great Plains Films/Documentaries


I would like to thank Richard Edwards at the University of Nebraska for suggesting many of these titles.

I am sure that there are many more titles that could be added to this list. If you have one in mind, please feel free to suggest it. Ideally, this list will grow substantially as the semester progresses. If you wish to earn extra credit by watching a movie that is not on this list, preapprove it with me beforehand.

Films/Documentaries

About Schmidt (2002). Alexander Payne, dir.

Badlands (1973). Terrence Malick, dir.

Canteen Spirit Nebraska Educational Television 2004.

Dances with Wolves (1990). Kevin Costner, dir.

Days of Heaven (1978). With Richard Gere; Terrence Malick, dir.

Drylanders (1963). Donald Haldane, dir.

Heartland (1979). With Rip Torn, Conchita Ferrell; Richard Pearce, dir.

The Emigrants. (1972) With Max von Sydow and Liv Ullman; Jan Troell, dir.

The Homesteaders (1919) Oscar Micheaux, dir.

King Korn (2007), Aaron Woolf, dir.

The Last Picture Show (1971). With Cybill Shepherd, Timothy Bottoms, Jeff Bridges; Peter Bogdanovich, dir.

The Learning Tree (1963) Gordon Parks, dir.

The New Land (1972) With Max von Sydow and Liv Ullman; Jan Troell, dir.

Northern Lights: The Land, the People, the Struggle (1979).

Oklahoma! (1955) With Gordon MacRae and Shirley Jones; Richard Rodgers & Oscar Hammerstein, composers/producers

Open Range (2003). Kevin Costner, dir.

Paper Wheat (1979). Albert Kish.

The People in the Pictures: Stories from the Wettach Farm Photos (2002). Iowa Public Television.

The Plow That Broke the Plains (1934, 1937) Pare Lorentz, dir.

Powwow Highway (1989). Jonathan Wacks, dir.

Red River (1948) Howard Hawks, dir.

The Settling of the Plains (“Great Plains Experience,” program #4). Great Plains Network.

Skins (2002). Chris Eyre, dir.

Sun River Homestead: A Documentary by Maggie Carey (2001). Maggie Carey and KUFM-TV/The University of Montana.

The Wind (1928). With Lillian Gish; Victor Seastrom, dir. & prod. (b&w, silent).

Reading Assignments for January 22, 2009


At the beginning of the class, I will lecture briefly on the historical significance of the historian, Walter Prescott Webb and the choice of the Great Plains as a field of inquiry. Please skim online the first 33 pages of Webb's book: http://www.google.com/books?id=lPEGVAL4UUoC&dq=the+great+plains+walter+prescott+webb&printsec=frontcover&source=bn#PPP12,M1

After this, please read the Introduction and the first 50 pages of The Comanche Empire. What does the author think is at stake with this book? Similarly, does the author state a thesis? Finally, how does this book differ from prior works about Indian and Great Plains history?









Monday, January 12, 2009

The Comanche Empire


The first book we will read in this class will be Pekka Hamalainen's, The Comanche Empire. I will give the page assignments in class next week, but naturally, I encourage you all to get an early start. It is an excellent work.

Course Description and Syllabus


History of the Great Plains, University of Iowa, Spring 2009


This course's objective is to comparatively examine the different human communities and societies of the Great Plains, the largest biome in North America, which extends from Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba in southern Canada southward to northern Mexico from eastern Chihuahua to Tamaulipas. This course will think critically about the history of the region by studying secondary sources, historical novels and film. Topics include: the migrations and meeting of all Plains peoples; the changing eco-systems of the Plains; settlement patterns; the history of the fur trade; transportation; ranching and farming; ethnicity and race; political reform; the impact of the World Wars and the Depression; and modern Plains life. The instructor is Dennis Kuhnel.


Required Books:

Binnema, Theodore. Common and Contested Ground: A Human and Environmental History of the Northwestern Plains.
Frazier, Ian. The Great Plains.
Hamailenen, Pekka. The Comanche Empire.
Manning, Richard. Grassland: The History, Biology, Politics and Promise of the American Prairie.
Sandoz, Mari. Old Jules.
Worster, Donald. The Dust Bowl: The Southern Plains in the 1930s.

COURSE REQUIREMENTS
Attendance: You are expected to attend every meeting of this class. More than three unexcused absences will detrimentally affect your overall grade for this course. For each unexcused absence past three, I will lower your overall final grade half a letter. For example, if you earn a B in the course, but have five unexcused absences, your final grade will be a C+. Excused absences will not figure into these equations.

Reading: Readings will be assigned regularly from required texts and other sources in class and by email. I reserve the right to give unannounced quizzes in class that test you over the reading.

Participation: Many of the intended educational benefits of this class are contingent upon the participation of everyone. I expect you to be an active, contributing member in class discussions, exercises and projects. At the end of the semester I will give each student a “participation” grade based upon my assessment of that student’s overall performance and contribution to our class. Attendance alone will not earn you participation marks, even if you come to every class. Positive participation involves being prepared for class, asking and answering questions, sharing relevant ideas and opinions, staying on track in small group activities, and making a genuine effort to support your classmates. Another way to contribute to our class discussion will be for you to post comments or questions about the assigned reading to our class blog: http://greatplainshistory.blogspot.com/. We will discuss this more in class. At the end of the semester, you will complete a self-assessment of your participation performance throughout the semester. I will take into consideration your self-assessment when I evaluate your performance.

Written Assignments
In addition to expanding your factual knowledge, this course will develop your critical thinking and persuasive writing skills. You will be assessing historians’ interpretations of trends, events, and ideas, as well as presenting your own, for which analytical reading and writing skills are essential. To this end, you will write two essays (5 pages each). These will be graded generatively, as it will be expected that you improve in writing style, content and professionalism from essay to essay. When you hand in your second paper near the end of the semester, you will hand in your first graded paper as well so I can better assess your progress.

Exams
There will be one mid-term exam in this course; there will also be a comprehensive final exam.

GRADING BREAKDOWN
Feel free to approach me after class or set up an appointment with me if you ever have any questions or concerns about the grade you have received.
Participation (20%) Your participation will be assessed throughout the semester.
Paper No. 1 (20%) February 26, 2009
Midterm (20%) March 12, 2009
Paper No. 2 (20%) April 23, 2009
Final (20%) May 7, 2009

EXTRA CREDIT
You have the opportunity to earn up to 5 percent of your final total grade with extra credit work. So, if your final course grade is 87 and you completed all possible extra credit assignments, I will raise it to 92. Throughout the semester I will mention movies, books and places with Great Plains related themes or histories. For movies and books, if you read/watch one and write a 2-3 page historical response about it, I will give you one extra credit point if I assess that your response is satisfactory. If I mention a place or museum, like Effigy Mounds or Homestead National Monuments, and you visit it and write a 2-3 page historical response I will award you 1-2 points based upon my assessment. Feel free to approach me with extra credit topic ideas as the semester progresses. If you plan to take a ‘field trip’ please pre-approve it with me to make sure I will award points for it. We will talk about all of this more in-depth in class. If you hope to gain all 5 possible extra credit points, you must complete at least 2 points of your extra credit assignments by the date of the midterm. In other words, you cannot wait until the last week of classes and hand-in 5 historical responses to movies. You must finish, at least, two of these assignments in the first half of the semester. This extra credit option is completely voluntary. I will not penalize or think less of anyone who does not complete any extra credit assignments.

WORK SUBMISSION FORMAT
All work you turn in to me (unless completed in class) must be titled, typed and double-spaced in 12 point Times New Roman font with one inch margins all around. No space eating headers or designs. Multiple page documents must be stapled with numbered pages. In the top left corner, include your name, course number and section, an assignment description, and the date. For example:
Nash de Ville
EN 150 Sec. 023
Paper No. 1
23 September 2004
Essays should follow MLA, Chicago, or APA style. Student work that does not meet any of these format requirements will be refused or docked a full letter grade at my discretion.

LATE WORK
Late submission of writing assignments will suffer the penalty of a 1/3 grade deduction for each day the assignment is late; for example, an A paper will decline to an A minus if received a day late (weekends count for two days). You are entitled to question the grades you receive on essays and exams--but wait 24 hours after receiving back graded work and then make an appointment to discuss the graded essay or exam with the instructor during his office hours.

ACADEMIC RESPONSIBILITY
You are expected to read, and be responsible for, university policies about students' rights and responsibilities, especially those about plagiarism and other kinds of academic misconduct. The College of Liberal Arts and Sciences has detailed statements about inappropriate student behavior (including sleeping in class, talking on cell-phones during class, or being disrespectful to others) and academic misconduct. Learn the definitions of cheating and plagiarism on the CLAS website at http://www.clas.uiowa.edu/students/academic_handbook/index.shtml. All cases of suspected cheating or plagiarism will be pursued and, if verified, penalized and reported to the Associate Dean for Academic Programs.

CONTACT INFORMATION
The ideal way to approach me with questions and/or concerns is in person. My office hours are listed above. Please let me know in advance if you are planning a visit. If my office hours do not work for you, you are welcome to make an appointment. I make an effort to check my e-mail at least once a day and am happy to hear from you, but have found in the past that e-mail can be ineffective for dealing with sensitive or complicated matters, or anything that requires an immediate response. I will not accept assignments via e-mail.

RESOURCES
Below are links to some university resources available to students. I especially recommend that you utilize the History Department’s Writing Center when you prepare your essay assignments.

History Writing Center 303 SH 335-2584
http://www.uiowa.edu/~histwrit/
UI Writing Center 110 EPB 335-0188
http://www.uiowa.edu/%7Ewritingc/
Student Disability Services 3101 Burge Hall 335-1462 http://www.uiowa.edu/%7Esds/students.html
University Counseling 3223 Westlawn 335-7294 http://www.uiowa.edu/%7Eucs/
Other University Resources for Students
http://www.uiowa.edu/homepage/students/resources.html